Applying Laws Across Time: Disentangling the ‘Always Speaking’ Principles – Oxford Journal of Legal Studies

Posted May 17th, 2024 in judges, judiciary, legislative drafting, news, statutory interpretation by sally

‘Common-law judges frequently claim to apply the “always speaking” principle. But they recognise that they are not clear on what it means, with Lord Leggatt recently calling the metaphor “enigmatic”. In this article, I seek to clarify this by showing that the “always speaking” metaphor is associated with at least four different types of principle, each of which responds to a distinct issue (although there is a common theme: change over time). I explore the origins of the “always speaking” metaphor, distinguish the four issues and explain how they relate. I argue that it is important to disentangle the four types of “always speaking” principle, with a focus on distinguishing principles of dynamic (versus originalist) interpretation from principles that empower judges to strain or “recast” legislation to deal with new developments sensibly. In doing so, I analyse and critique the judgments in the recent UK Supreme Court case of News Corp.’

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Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 10th May 2024

Source: academic.oup.com

Inducements relating to collective bargaining – Smith & ors v London Ashford Airport Limited – Old Square Chambers

‘EJ Richard Wood held that the Airport had breached s.145B of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 by offering pay increases directly to 9 members of Prospect, the trade union recognised by the Airport for collective bargaining purposes. The Tribunal’s judgment provides a helpful application of the interpretation of s. 145B in the Supreme Court’s decision in Kostal UK Ltd v Dunkley and ors [2021] UKSC 47 and the EAT’s decision in Ineos Infrastructure Grangemouth Ltd v Jones & ors and Ineos Chemicals Grangemouth Ltd v Arnott & ors [2022] EAT 82. Under s. 145B employers are prohibited from making offers to employees who are members of a recognised trade union which, if accepted, would have the result that one or more terms of their employment will not, or will no longer, be determined by collective bargaining (the “prohibited result”), if the employer’s sole or main purpose in making the offers is to achieve the prohibited result. Where liability is established, the ET must make a prescribed award (£4,554 at the time the claim was presented) to each member to whom the offer is made.’

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Old Square Chambers, 24th April 2024

Source: oldsquare.co.uk

Case Law Update: Savage V Savage [2024] EWCA Civ 49 – St Philips Barristers

‘In Savage v Savage [2024] EWCA Civ 49 (“Savage”), the Court of Appeal reached a much required decision on the statutory interpretation of Section 15 of the Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996 (“TOLATA 1996”) and held that, when considering an application under Section 14 TOLATA 1996 and a dispute between beneficiaries of a trust of land, the Court was permitted to consider the circumstances and wishes of the minority beneficiaries under Section 15 (3) TOLATA 1996.’

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St Philips Barristers, 16th April 2024

Source: st-philips.com

Service of prescribed documents – deemed or actual? – Nearly Legal

‘This is a note of a county court appeal on the issue of whether Section 7 Interpretation Act 1978 applied to the prescribed documents required to be given to the tenant before service of a section 21 notice – EPC, GSC, How to Rent Guide. This judgment is of particular interest because permission to appeal to the Court of Appeal has been given, so this will (eventually) be a matter for Court of Appeal authority.’

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Nearly Legal, 6th May 2024

Source: nearlylegal.co.uk

When is an administrator an ‘officer’ of the company? – Legal Studies

‘When a company becomes insolvent, particularly if it is a large company, this will often mean that there will be a large-scale redundancy process. The requirements of the process can be technical, but there is a list of obligations that must be adhered and these are set out within the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 (TULRCA 1992).’

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Legal Studies, 19th April 2024

Source: www.cambridge.org

Does time spent on an immediate suspension order whilst awaiting appeal count towards the overall period of suspension? Nabeel Aga v The General Dental Council [2023] EWHC 3208 (Admin) – 2 Hare Court

‘The decision late last year by Ritchie J in Aga v GDC caused uproar in the regulatory and professional discipline worlds.’

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2 Hare Court, 5th April 2024

Source: www.2harecourt.com

Court of Appeal disapproves of Tribunal’s decision in Capparelli – EIN Blog

‘The Court of Appeal has held that a child born to a French national mother who was ordinarily resident in the UK while she was exercising her right of free movement as a worker had not automatically acquired British citizenship at birth under section 1(1)(b) of the British Nationality Act 1981 as the child of someone “settled” in the UK. In so concluding, the Court of Appeal held that the Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations 2000 were “immigration laws” which subjected the mother to a restriction on her entitlement to remain in the UK and meant that she had not been “settled” for the purposes of section 1(1)(b) at the time of the child’s birth. At first instance Eyre J had dismissed Mr Roehrig’s claim for judicial review of the decision made by the SSHD refusing his application for a British passport. The issue in this appeal, as it was before the single judge, was whether Mr Roehrig automatically acquired British citizenship at birth under section 1(1)(b) of the British Nationality Act 1981. Notably, section 1(1)(b) of the 1981 Act provides that “A person born in the United Kingdom after commencement shall be a British citizen if at the time of the birth his father or mother is …(b) settled in the United Kingdom.” The SSHD refused the application stating: “As you were not able to provide documentary evidence to show your Mother was free from immigration time restrictions at the time of your birth, we are not able to issue a passport to you at this time…”.’

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EIN Blog, 10th April 2024

Source: www.ein.org.uk

Court of Appeal in England drills down on term ‘incidental’ in tax cases – OUT-LAW.com

Posted February 13th, 2024 in corporation tax, news, statutory interpretation by tracey

‘A recent English Court of Appeal decision provides food for thought surrounding the use of “incidental” in tax legislation, an expert has said.’

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OUT-LAW.com, 12th February 2024

Source: www.pinsentmasons.com

Comedy hypnotist overturns decades-old ban on mesmerism – The Guardian

Posted February 8th, 2024 in local government, news, statutory interpretation, theatre by sally

‘It was put in place more than 70 years ago to protect citizens from the “dark arts” but now an old-fashioned law banning hypnosis and mesmerism has been overturned by a comedy hypnotist – and he did it without putting anyone under.’

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The Guardian, 7th February 2024

Source: www.theguardian.com

Court of Appeal to rule on first post-PACCAR funding agreement – Legal Futures

‘The Court of Appeal is set to rule on whether a litigation funding agreement (LFA) that was amended to take account of the Supreme Court ruling in PACCAR is valid.’

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Legal Futures, 23rd January 2024

Source: www.legalfutures.co.uk

Landowner’s supreme court case threatens Dartmoor wild camping victory – The Guardian

Posted January 11th, 2024 in appeals, commons, consent, news, parks, statutory interpretation, Supreme Court by sally

‘The right to wild camp on Dartmoor could be under threat again after the supreme court granted permission for a wealthy landowner to bring a case against it.’

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The Guardian, 10th Janaury 2024

Source: www.theguardian.com

Retained EU law reforms come into force in the UK – OUT-LAW.com

Posted January 4th, 2024 in EC law, news, statute law revision, statutory interpretation by sally

‘The way that thousands of pieces of UK legislation are interpreted could change after a new Act impacting the way EU-derived laws are applied in the UK entered into force.’

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OUT-LAW.com, 3rd January 2024

Source: www.pinsentmasons.com

Upper Tribunal on ‘person managing’ and ‘person in control’ of HMO for an RRO – Nearly Legal

‘Cottam & Ors v Lowe Management Ltd (HOUSING – RENT REPAYMENT ORDER – statutory definitions of “person managing” and “person in control of” an HMO) (2023) UKUT 306 (LC). This is a quite significant Upper Tribunal decision on a rent repayment order application appeal on the statutory meaning of “person managing” and “person in control” of an HMO, with an interesting other issue on the effect of the owner of the property being a “health service body” for the purposes of Schedule 14 Housing Act 2004.’

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Nearly Legal, 30th December 2023

Source: nearlylegal.co.uk

AI cannot be an inventor under UK patent law, rules Supreme Court – OUT-LAW.com

‘Artificial intelligence (AI) systems cannot be the owner of, nor be transferred, patent rights in the UK, the Supreme Court has ruled.’

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OUT-LAW.com, 20th December 2023

Source: www.pinsentmasons.com

Ruling indicates Upper Tribunal’s “narrow approach” towards windfarm capital allowances – OUT-LAW.com

Posted December 14th, 2023 in capital allowances, energy, news, statutory interpretation, taxation by sally

‘A ruling by the UK’s Upper Tribunal (UT) disallowing certain types of expenditure relating to windfarm projects from qualifying for plant and machinery tax allowances has indicated the tribunal’s “strict and narrow” interpretation of the provisions for qualifying expenditure.’

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OUT-LAW.com, 13th December 2023

Source: www.pinsentmasons.com

Loophole in NHS Pensions Regs? – Pensions Barrister

Posted November 23rd, 2023 in holiday pay, news, pensions, regulations, statutory interpretation by sally

‘Paul Newman KC has written a casenote on the recent decision of the CA in Campbell v NHS Business Services Authority, in which a member was held to have died in pensionable service and therefore to have been entitled only to a death in service benefit lump sum, rather than a higher ill health lump sum, by reason of untaken leave entitlement.’

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Pensions Barrister, 23rd November 2023

Source: www.pensionsbarrister.com

Court Control of Office-Holders: Applying the Brakes? – Gatehouse Chambers

Posted November 21st, 2023 in insolvency, news, statutory interpretation by sally

‘Under the Insolvency Act 1986 (IA 1986), office-holders are given wide powers but they are subject to the control of the court. In order to allow insolvency practitioners to carry out their duties efficiently and without having constantly to look over their shoulders, this control has always been exercised with a light touch. In recent years there have been several important cases examining these issues.’

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Gatehouse Chambers, 11th October 2023

Source: gatehouselaw.co.uk

Wild camping allowed on Dartmoor again after court appeal succeeds – The Guardian

Posted August 1st, 2023 in appeals, commons, news, statutory interpretation by sally

‘Wild camping is once again allowed on Dartmoor after the national park won a successful appeal against a ruling in a case brought by a wealthy landowner.’

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The Guardian, 31st July 2023

Source: www.theguardian.com

Court of Appeal to rule on Dartmoor wild camping case – The Independent

Posted July 31st, 2023 in appeals, news, rights of way, statutory interpretation by tracey

‘The Court of Appeal is to give its ruling in a legal battle over the right to wild camp in Dartmoor National Park.’

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The Independent, 31st July 2023

Source: www.independent.co.uk

Covid, the Cabinet and a tussle over disclosure: R (Cabinet Office) v The Chair of the UK Covid-19 Inquiry – UK Human Rights Blog

‘In a decision that may come as little surprise to those working in the fields of inquiries and public law, the Divisional Court consisting of Dingemans LJ and Garnham J dismissed the Cabinet Office’s application for judicial review of a notice issued by Baroness Hallett, the Chair of the UK Covid-19 Inquiry (“the Inquiry”) requesting the production of WhatsApp messages.’

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UK Human Rights Blog, 26th July 2023

Source: ukhumanrightsblog.com